Ernlé W.D. Young is Emeritus Professor of Medicine (Biomedical ethics) at Stanford University, Palo Alto, and Emeritus Chief, Office for the Protection of Research Participants, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View. He holds undergraduate and honors degrees from Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, and earned his PhD at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. He is the author, co-author, or editor of four books on biomedical ethics.