Happiness—the goal of human life—is dependent on the degree of the cultivation of virtue, the practice of goodness developed by the intellectual part of the soul. If we agree that happiness is the aim of the individual, then the government’s aim is to ensure the happiness of every citizen of a nation by exercising civic virtue and reviving Aristotle’s idea of human society. More specifically, in our modern societies the role of government should be to curb the excess capitalistic greed of the rich minority and redistribute wealth to the poor masses to mitigate countless social maladies caused by economic inequality. To maintain peace and prosperity in the society, a strong government needs to protect poor and helpless consumers while also encouraging capitalism, which produces the supply side. In other words, the supply side of economy must be in balance with the demand side to maintain social equilibrium so that human civilization can continue to prosper without disruption. For today’s mass society, this balancing power is only in the hands of government. Human virtue comprises not merely moral behavior but also the intellectual judgment necessary for joint survival, in the face of the exponential growth of the human population depleting the limited natural resources on the planet today. I would argue that humanism and compassion, emphasized by Christ and Buddha, are the essential cornerstones of human virtue for the harmony and happiness that build peaceful interdependence among people, even among those individuals and nations seeking independence. This interdependence is quite different from past experiences of exploiter-exploited or controller-controlled relationships. It is rather helping one another through cooperation, without encroaching on independent states of life. I would like to draw the reader’s attention to the intellectual voice of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in this context, urging each and every national government to practice the civic virtue to nurture human happiness and joint survival. The OECD demonstrates Nordic nations as contemporary socio-economic models for the best outcome of human happiness. My book covers the political reality of the United States and world religions in light of the universal harmony that broadly encompasses the philosophy and sustainability of human civilization on the planet Earth. Various mathematical and philosophical discourses by Pythagoras, Fibonacci, Kepler, and other renowned scientists of harmonic law are cited to demonstrate the mathematical backbone of cosmic arrangement. Because the human species is an integral part of this cosmic law, it is critical for us to align our thoughts and behaviors to this universal harmony. In conclusion, human societies must obey the same harmonic law established for cosmic harmony to survive and thrive on Earth. Undeniably, virtuous souls can, in a profound way, comprehend cosmic harmony through universal wisdom. An expansion of such wisdom among political elites is paramount for unanimous consensus on the imminent issue of the increasing gap of inequality between the rich and poor. In the midst of the breathtaking speed of technological evolution, the concentration of wealth in minority hands, along with the apathetic attitude of governments of rich nations, such as the United States, that leave the poor masses with a small piece of the pie, is endangering the sustainability of human civilization.