The last one-and-a-half century of Palestinian history, tragic and violent as it has been, is a confluence of social and political trends that made possible the creation of the Jewish state. There were unique circumstances that enabled Zionists to morph their ideas into actions, which in turn led to the creation of Israel. Along with a short history of Zionism and its conflict with Palestinian Arabs, a reader will find in the book a comprehensive analysis of situations that arose as a result of actions undertaken by the players of the complicated Middle East political game. In the discussion, all major factors that influenced the decision-making process were taken into account: demography, economy, geopolitical reality, social and political trends, and others. Such an approach explains the complexity of the decision-making process and how each one was shaping up the future of Israeli-Arab Palestinian relations. Contemporary issues, such as the involvement of international media, excessive attention of the UN, the Palestinian refugee situation and its significance, and territorial dispute related to the conflict are also the subject of this book. One of the most important problems, the status of East Jerusalem, is analyzed at length: its religious and spiritual significance is increasing in time, and claims for the right to its ownership exacerbates the conflict. A separate chapter is devoted to American Jews. It turns out that their life has some distinctive features of the European Jews in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. Although it is the destiny of humans not to know the future, it is also their nature to attempt to predict it based on the knowledge of history. It has never been accurate at best, but the author nonetheless tried to analyze the contemporary trends and consider their role in shaping up the future of Palestine and the Middle East.